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Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties in social communication and repetitive behaviors. However, these behaviors often serve as a means of communication, particularly among children who are nonverbal or minimally verbal. Comorbid medical conditions may manifest significantly through behavioral changes that are sometimes misinterpreted as part of the autism diagnosis itself. As a result, physical symptoms frequently remain undiagnosed or untreated.
This review highlights the clinical importance of understanding “challenging” behaviors as potential indicators of comorbid medical issues such as gastrointestinal dysfunction, epilepsy, metabolic disorders, sleep disturbances, and psychiatric conditions. The paper discusses the challenges in identifying these symptoms and emphasizes the need for a comprehensive, individualized medical approach aimed at promoting the well-being of children and adolescents on the spectrum, as well as the implications for diagnosis, treatment, policy, research, and clinical practice.

Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Autism; Comorbid Medical Conditions; Atypical Behaviors; Communication; Personalized Medicine.

Suggested citation
Rodriguez Barnea, A. (2025). "Behavior as a Voice”: Comorbid medical conditions manifesting as challenging behaviors among children with autism. Disability and Society: Research and Practice, 5, 101-132.

 

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